Skip to content

MCP Gateway Security Features

⚠️ Important: MCP Gateway is an OPEN SOURCE PROJECT provided "as-is" with NO OFFICIAL SUPPORT from IBM or its affiliates. Community contributions and best-effort maintenance are provided by project maintainers and contributors.

Current Version: 0.6.0 (Beta) - MCP Gateway is currently in early beta. Security features are continuously evolving toward the 1.0 release.

Comprehensive Security Capabilities

Legend: βœ… = Completed | 🚧 = In Progress | πŸ“‹ = Planned

πŸ” Authentication & Identity Management

  • JWT Token Management - Configurable JWT tokens with expiration, per-user token catalogs, and revocation support (#87, βœ… #425)

  • Database-Backed User Authentication - Argon2id password hashing replacing basic auth (#544) 🚧

  • Enterprise SSO Integration - Support for GitHub, Google, LDAP/Active Directory identity providers (#220, #277, #278, #284)

  • OAuth Integration - Support for OAuth 2.0 for delegated access to MCP servers (βœ… #605)

  • Per-Virtual-Server API Keys - Scoped access control for individual virtual servers (#282)

  • Enhanced Session Management - Secure session handling for Admin UI (#541) 🚧

  • CSRF Token Protection - Cross-site request forgery prevention (#543) 🚧

πŸ›‘οΈ Authorization & Access Control

  • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) - User/Team/Global scopes with private, team, and global catalog separation (#283)

  • Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) - Dynamic authorization based on user attributes, resource properties, and environmental context (#706) 🚧

  • Policy-as-Code Engine - Rego-based policy enforcement for fine-grained authorization (#271)

  • IP-Based Access Control - Configurable IP allowlisting for network-level security (#536) 🚧

  • Endpoint Feature Flags - Selectively enable/disable tools, resources, prompts, servers, gateways (#537) 🚧

  • Resource-Level Access Control - Virtual server composition with granular tool/resource visibility control

  • Capability-Based Security - Fine-grained permissions for individual MCP operations (Planned)

πŸ”’ Data Protection & Encryption

  • Cryptographic Request Signing - End-to-end request/response signing and verification (#230)

  • TLS/mTLS Support - Certificate-based authentication with private CA support (#568) 🚧

  • Enterprise Secrets Management - HashiCorp Vault integration for secure credential storage (#542) 🚧

  • Transport Layer Security - Multiple secure protocols (SSE, WebSocket, HTTPS) with configurable TLS termination

  • End-to-End Encryption - Optional E2E encryption for sensitive data flows (Planned)

  • Key Management Service (KMS) Integration - Support for AWS KMS, Azure Key Vault, Google Cloud KMS (Planned)

  • Data Loss Prevention (DLP) - Automatic detection and redaction of sensitive data patterns (Planned)

🚦 Input Validation & Sanitization

  • Gateway-Level Input Validation - Prevent path traversal and injection attacks (#221)

  • AI Guardrails & PII Masking - Input/output sanitization with sensitive data detection (#229)

  • Content Size & Type Limits - Security limits for resources and prompts (#538) 🚧

  • XSS Prevention - DOMPurify integration and content sanitization (βœ… #336, #341, βœ… #361)

  • SQL Injection Prevention - Database-level security constraints (#342) 🚧

πŸ› οΈ Plugin & Middleware Framework

  • Pre/Post Request Hooks - Extensible plugin system for custom security policies (βœ… #319, βœ… #682)

  • Plugin CLI Tools - Command-line interface for authoring and packaging plugins (βœ… #720)

  • AI Middleware Integration - Framework for adding LLM-based security capabilities (#313)

  • Semantic Tool Filtering - Intelligent auto-filtering of tools based on context (#182)

  • Dynamic Tool Generation - LLM-powered tool creation with security controls (#130)

πŸ“Š Monitoring & Audit

  • Comprehensive Audit Logging - Database-backed audit trail for all operations (#535) 🚧

  • Structured JSON Logging - Correlation IDs for request tracing (#300)

  • Dual Logging Support - Console and file outputs with rotation policies (βœ… #364)

  • OpenTelemetry Integration - Vendor-agnostic observability with comprehensive metrics (βœ… #735)

  • Phoenix Observability Plugin - Built-in Phoenix integration for ML monitoring (βœ… #727)

  • Prometheus Metrics - Performance and security metrics instrumentation (#218)

  • Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Integration - Native support for Splunk, ELK, Datadog (Planned)

  • Compliance Reporting - Automated reports for SOC2, ISO 27001, HIPAA, GDPR (Planned)

  • Forensic Analysis Tools - Advanced incident investigation capabilities (Planned)

🚨 Rate Limiting & DDoS Protection

  • Gateway-Level Rate Limiting - Configurable request throttling per client/endpoint (#257)

  • Tool Execution Limits - Resource controls and execution boundaries (#539) 🚧

  • Circuit Breakers - Automatic failover for unstable backends (#301)

  • Smart Retry Mechanisms - Exponential backoff with jitter (#258, βœ… #456)

πŸ” Security Testing & Validation

  • SAST/DAST Integration - Semgrep and OWASP ZAP automated testing (#259)

  • Input Validation Test Suite - Comprehensive security validation tests (βœ… #552)

  • Fuzz Testing - Hypothesis, atheris, schemathesis, RESTler (βœ… #256)

  • Mutation Testing - Test quality validation with mutmut (βœ… #280)

  • Security Scanners - Bandit, grype, nodejsscan integration (#279, βœ… #415, βœ… #499)

πŸ—οΈ Infrastructure Security

  • Zero-Trust Architecture - Peer gateway health checks with automatic failover (βœ… #424)

  • Configuration Validation - Schema enforcement with startup security checks (#285, #534) 🚧

  • Security Headers & Configurable Admin UI Security - Comprehensive security headers with full configurability (βœ… #344, βœ… #533)

  • X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff - Prevents MIME type sniffing attacks (configurable)
  • X-Frame-Options: DENY - Prevents clickjacking attacks (configurable: DENY/SAMEORIGIN)
  • X-Download-Options: noopen - Prevents IE download execution (configurable)
  • Content-Security-Policy - Comprehensive XSS and injection protection (Admin UI compatible)
  • Strict-Transport-Security - Forces HTTPS connections (configurable max-age & subdomains)
  • Environment-aware CORS - Automatic origin configuration for dev/production
  • Secure cookies - HttpOnly, Secure, SameSite attributes for authentication
  • Static analysis compatibility - Meta tags complement HTTP headers for nodejsscan
  • 15 configuration options - Individual control over all security features

  • Well-Known URI Handler - security.txt and robots.txt support (βœ… #540)

  • Password Policy Engine - Configurable password and secret policies (#426) 🚧

  • Graceful Shutdown - SIGTERM-safe rollouts with connection draining (#217)

πŸ” Advanced Security Capabilities (Planned)

These advanced security features are under consideration for future releases:

MCP Server Verification & Trust

  • MCP Server Attestation - Cryptographic verification of MCP server identity and integrity before connection

  • Signature Verification - Digital signature validation for MCP server responses and tool executions

  • MCP Server Code Scanning - Automated security analysis of MCP server source code using multiple linters and security scanners (Bandit, Semgrep, CodeQL) before deployment (#654) 🚧

  • Binary Analysis - Static and dynamic analysis of compiled MCP server binaries for vulnerabilities

Sandboxed Execution Environments

  • Container Sandboxing - Run MCP servers in isolated containers with strict security policies:
  • Read-only root filesystems - Prevent runtime modifications
  • Minimal base images - Using scratch-based or Red Hat UBI9-micro containers
  • Capability dropping - Remove unnecessary Linux capabilities
  • Seccomp profiles - Restrict system calls
  • AppArmor/SELinux policies - Mandatory access controls
  • Network isolation - Namespace and network policy restrictions
  • Resource limits - CPU, memory, and I/O constraints

  • gVisor Integration - User-space kernel for additional isolation layer

  • Firecracker MicroVMs - Lightweight virtual machines for strong isolation

  • WebAssembly Sandbox - WASM-based secure execution for untrusted code

Advanced Cryptography & Trust

  • Confidential Computing - Support for encrypted computation in trusted execution environments (TEEs)

  • Hardware Security Module (HSM) Integration - Hardware-backed key management and cryptographic operations

  • Homomorphic Encryption - Process encrypted data without decryption for sensitive operations

  • Zero-Knowledge Proofs - Verify MCP server capabilities without revealing implementation details

  • Quantum-Resistant Cryptography - Post-quantum cryptographic algorithms for future-proofing

Distributed Security & Governance

  • Blockchain-Based Audit Trail - Immutable distributed ledger for critical security events

  • Federated Authorization - Cross-domain authorization with SAML, OAuth 2.0, and OpenID Connect

  • Secure Multi-Party Computation - Enable multiple parties to compute on shared data without revealing inputs

Runtime Protection & Monitoring

  • Dynamic Security Posture Assessment - Real-time security scoring and risk evaluation for connected servers

  • Behavioral Analytics - ML-based anomaly detection for unusual MCP server patterns

  • Container Runtime Security - Runtime protection with Falco, AppArmor, SELinux policies

  • Service Mesh Integration - Native support for Istio, Linkerd for advanced network security

  • Certificate Pinning - Prevent MITM attacks by validating specific certificates for MCP servers

Multi-Layered Defense Strategy

MCP Gateway implements a comprehensive, multi-layered security approach with "defense in depth" and "secure by design" principles:

Security Philosophy

  • Proactive Security: Security measures are built-in from design phase, not added retroactively
  • Human + Automated: Combines 30+ automated security tools with manual code reviews and threat modeling
  • Continuous Improvement: Regular updates to security toolchain and practices based on community feedback
  • Shared Responsibility: Security across all system components - gateway is one layer in your defense strategy

Comprehensive Security Pipeline

Pre-commit Security Gates:

  • Bandit, Semgrep, Dodgy for security scanning
  • Type checking and code quality enforcement
  • Run make security-all locally before pushing

Continuous Integration Security:

  • 30+ security scans on every PR
  • CodeQL semantic analysis
  • Gitleaks secret detection
  • Dependency vulnerability scanning
  • Container security assessment

Runtime Security:

  • Monitoring and security policies
  • Anomaly detection
  • Incident response procedures

Security Compliance & Standards

πŸ† Currently Implemented (v0.6.0)

  • Authentication: JWT tokens with configurable secrets, Basic Auth support (βœ… #663, βœ… #705)
  • Input Validation: Comprehensive validation across all API endpoints using Pydantic (βœ… #339, βœ… #340)
  • XSS Prevention: Character restrictions, URL scheme validation, JSON depth limits (βœ… #409)
  • Security Scanning: 30+ security tools integrated, 100% Bandit pass rate (βœ… #421, βœ… #638, βœ… #590)
  • Container Hardening:
  • Ultra-minimal scratch-based runtime - Final image contains only Python runtime and application
  • Red Hat UBI9-based build - Built from latest patched UBI9 (registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi:9.6)
  • Fully patched on every build - Automatic security updates via dnf upgrade -y
  • Non-root execution - Runs as UID 1001 with OpenShift compatibility
  • Stripped binaries - All unnecessary symbols removed to reduce attack surface
  • No package managers in runtime - DNF/YUM/RPM removed from final image
  • No setuid/setgid binaries - All privileged binaries removed
  • Pre-compiled Python bytecode - Optimized with -OO, stripping docstrings and assertions
  • Minimal attack surface - No shell, no development tools, no documentation
  • Secure Defaults: Admin UI disabled by default, localhost-only binding
  • Secret Detection: Gitleaks, Dodgy integration preventing credential leaks (βœ… #558)
  • Security Headers: HTTP header passthrough with authorization support (βœ… #685)
  • Authentication Masking: Auth values masked in API responses (βœ… #601, βœ… #471, βœ… #472)
  • Plugin Framework: Comprehensive plugin system with pre/post hooks and CLI tools (βœ… #319, βœ… #682, βœ… #720)
  • OpenTelemetry Observability: Vendor-agnostic observability with Phoenix integration (βœ… #735, βœ… #727)
  • OAuth Integration: OAuth 2.0 authentication support for enhanced access control (βœ… #605)
  • Well-Known URI Security: Configurable handlers for security.txt and robots.txt (βœ… #540)
  • Enhanced Testing: Mutation testing, fuzz testing, and comprehensive security validation (βœ… #280, βœ… #256)

πŸš€ Upcoming Security Enhancements

Release 0.6.0 - Completed August 2025 - βœ… Plugin framework with security hooks - βœ… OpenTelemetry observability integration - βœ… OAuth 2.0 authentication support - βœ… Well-known URI security handlers - βœ… Enhanced testing (mutation, fuzz testing)

Release 0.7.0 - September 2025 - Full RBAC implementation - Multi-tenancy support - Correlation ID tracking

Release 0.8.0 - September 2025 - Policy-as-Code engine - Advanced guardrails - DDoS protection

Release 0.9.0 - September 2025 - Marketplace security - Protocol negotiation - Advanced connectivity

Release 1.0.0 - October 2025 - Security audit completion - Production hardening - GA security certification

Production Deployment Security

⚠️ Critical Production Requirements

The Admin UI is development-only and must NEVER be exposed in production:

  • Designed for localhost-only access with trusted MCP servers
  • Single-user administration without access controls
  • Must be disabled in production: MCPGATEWAY_UI_ENABLED=false

πŸ“‹ Production Security Checklist

  • Disable unused features (FEATURES_ROOTS_ENABLED=false, FEATURES_PROMPTS_ENABLED=false, etc.)
  • Disable Admin UI and API (MCPGATEWAY_UI_ENABLED=false, MCPGATEWAY_ADMIN_API_ENABLED=false)
  • Enable authentication with strong passwords/keys and custom usernames
  • Configure TLS/HTTPS with valid certificates (never HTTP in production)
  • Validate all MCP servers before connecting
  • Implement network controls (firewalls, ingress policies)
  • Set rate limits per endpoint and client
  • Configure monitoring and anomaly detection
  • Secure databases (TLS, strong passwords, restricted access)
  • Set resource limits (CPU, memory) to prevent DoS
  • Implement secrets management (never hardcode credentials)
  • Configure CORS policies appropriately
  • Disable debug mode in production
  • Keep gateway updated to latest version
  • Regular security audits of connected servers

Security Best Practices

Gateway as One Layer in Defense-in-Depth

MCP Gateway should be integrated as one component in a comprehensive security architecture:

  1. Upstream validation: Validate and trust all MCP servers before connection
  2. Gateway validation: Input/output validation at gateway level
  3. Downstream validation: Applications must implement their own security controls
  4. Network isolation: Use network policies to restrict access
  5. Comprehensive monitoring: Log and alert on suspicious activities

Integration Requirements

MCP Gateway is not a standalone product. Integrate with: - API gateways/reverse proxies (auth, rate-limiting, routing) - Secrets management systems (Vault, SOPS) - Identity and access management (IAM) platforms - Logging, monitoring, and SIEM platforms - Runtime security and anomaly detection - Custom UI/orchestration layers for multi-tenancy

Developer Security Tools

Core Security Commands:

  • make security-all - Run all security tools
  • make security-report - Generate security report
  • make security-fix - Auto-fix issues where possible
  • make pre-commit - Run pre-commit hooks locally
  • make lint - 30+ linting and security tools

Individual Security Scanners:

  • make bandit - Python security vulnerabilities
  • make semgrep - Semantic code analysis
  • make dodgy - Hardcoded secrets detection
  • make gitleaks - Git history secrets scan
  • make pip-audit - Dependency vulnerabilities
  • make trivy - Container security scan
  • make grype-scan - Container vulnerability audit
  • make osv-scan - Open source vulnerability scan

Multi-Tenancy Considerations

MCP Gateway is not yet multi-tenant ready. For multi-user platforms, implement: - User isolation and data segregation - Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) - Resource cleanup and lifecycle management - Tenant-specific validation and limits - Per-user audit logging - Team/organization management

Deploy as a single-tenant component within your larger multi-tenant architecture.

Security Patching Policy

⚠️ Disclaimer: All patching is best-effort with no SLAs or commercial support.

  • Critical/High: Best-effort patches within 1 week (minor version bump)
  • Medium: Addressed in next release (~2 weeks)
  • Low: Regular maintenance updates (~2-4 weeks)
  • No backports: Fixes only applied to latest main branch
  • No zero-day guarantees: Users must evaluate and mitigate risks

Future Security Roadmap Considerations

Beyond the planned features in our roadmap, these additional security capabilities could enhance MCP Gateway:

πŸ›‘οΈ Trust & Verification

  • Distributed Trust Networks - Reputation-based MCP server trust scoring
  • Continuous Compliance Monitoring - Real-time compliance validation against security frameworks
  • Supply Chain Security - SLSA framework compliance for build provenance
  • Code Signing - Verify authenticity of MCP server binaries and updates

πŸ” Advanced Threat Detection

  • Threat Intelligence Integration - Real-time threat feeds from MITRE ATT&CK, STIX/TAXII
  • Deception Technology - Honeypots and canary tokens for early breach detection
  • User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) - Detect insider threats and compromised accounts
  • Network Traffic Analysis - Deep packet inspection for protocol anomalies

πŸ›οΈ Governance & Compliance

  • Privacy-Preserving Analytics - Differential privacy for usage metrics
  • Right to be Forgotten - GDPR Article 17 compliance automation
  • Data Residency Controls - Geographic restrictions for data processing
  • Consent Management - Granular user consent tracking and enforcement

πŸ”¬ Emerging Technologies

  • WebAssembly Sandbox - Secure execution environment for untrusted MCP servers
  • Decentralized Identity (DID) - Self-sovereign identity for MCP server authentication
  • Secure Enclaves - iOS/Android secure enclave support for mobile deployments
  • API Security Posture Management (ASPM) - Continuous API security assessment

Security Contact

For security vulnerabilities, report privately via GitHub's security reporting:

  1. Navigate to Security tab
  2. Click "Report a vulnerability"
  3. Fill out the vulnerability details

For more information, see our Security Policy.