MCP Gateway Security Features¶
β οΈ Important: MCP Gateway is an OPEN SOURCE PROJECT provided "as-is" with NO OFFICIAL SUPPORT from IBM or its affiliates. Community contributions and best-effort maintenance are provided by project maintainers and contributors.
Current Version: 0.6.0 (Beta) - MCP Gateway is currently in early beta. Security features are continuously evolving toward the 1.0 release.
Comprehensive Security Capabilities¶
Legend: β = Completed | π§ = In Progress | π = Planned
π Authentication & Identity Management¶
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JWT Token Management - Configurable JWT tokens with expiration, per-user token catalogs, and revocation support (#87, β #425)
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Database-Backed User Authentication - Argon2id password hashing replacing basic auth (#544) π§
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Enterprise SSO Integration - Support for GitHub, Google, LDAP/Active Directory identity providers (#220, #277, #278, #284)
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OAuth Integration - Support for OAuth 2.0 for delegated access to MCP servers (β #605)
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Per-Virtual-Server API Keys - Scoped access control for individual virtual servers (#282)
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Enhanced Session Management - Secure session handling for Admin UI (#541) π§
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CSRF Token Protection - Cross-site request forgery prevention (#543) π§
π‘οΈ Authorization & Access Control¶
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Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) - User/Team/Global scopes with private, team, and global catalog separation (#283)
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Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) - Dynamic authorization based on user attributes, resource properties, and environmental context (#706) π§
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Policy-as-Code Engine - Rego-based policy enforcement for fine-grained authorization (#271)
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IP-Based Access Control - Configurable IP allowlisting for network-level security (#536) π§
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Endpoint Feature Flags - Selectively enable/disable tools, resources, prompts, servers, gateways (#537) π§
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Resource-Level Access Control - Virtual server composition with granular tool/resource visibility control
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Capability-Based Security - Fine-grained permissions for individual MCP operations (Planned)
π Data Protection & Encryption¶
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Cryptographic Request Signing - End-to-end request/response signing and verification (#230)
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TLS/mTLS Support - Certificate-based authentication with private CA support (#568) π§
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Enterprise Secrets Management - HashiCorp Vault integration for secure credential storage (#542) π§
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Transport Layer Security - Multiple secure protocols (SSE, WebSocket, HTTPS) with configurable TLS termination
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End-to-End Encryption - Optional E2E encryption for sensitive data flows (Planned)
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Key Management Service (KMS) Integration - Support for AWS KMS, Azure Key Vault, Google Cloud KMS (Planned)
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Data Loss Prevention (DLP) - Automatic detection and redaction of sensitive data patterns (Planned)
π¦ Input Validation & Sanitization¶
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Gateway-Level Input Validation - Prevent path traversal and injection attacks (#221)
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AI Guardrails & PII Masking - Input/output sanitization with sensitive data detection (#229)
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Content Size & Type Limits - Security limits for resources and prompts (#538) π§
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XSS Prevention - DOMPurify integration and content sanitization (β #336, #341, β #361)
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SQL Injection Prevention - Database-level security constraints (#342) π§
π οΈ Plugin & Middleware Framework¶
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Pre/Post Request Hooks - Extensible plugin system for custom security policies (β #319, β #682)
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Plugin CLI Tools - Command-line interface for authoring and packaging plugins (β #720)
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AI Middleware Integration - Framework for adding LLM-based security capabilities (#313)
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Semantic Tool Filtering - Intelligent auto-filtering of tools based on context (#182)
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Dynamic Tool Generation - LLM-powered tool creation with security controls (#130)
π Monitoring & Audit¶
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Comprehensive Audit Logging - Database-backed audit trail for all operations (#535) π§
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Structured JSON Logging - Correlation IDs for request tracing (#300)
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Dual Logging Support - Console and file outputs with rotation policies (β #364)
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OpenTelemetry Integration - Vendor-agnostic observability with comprehensive metrics (β #735)
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Phoenix Observability Plugin - Built-in Phoenix integration for ML monitoring (β #727)
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Prometheus Metrics - Performance and security metrics instrumentation (#218)
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Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Integration - Native support for Splunk, ELK, Datadog (Planned)
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Compliance Reporting - Automated reports for SOC2, ISO 27001, HIPAA, GDPR (Planned)
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Forensic Analysis Tools - Advanced incident investigation capabilities (Planned)
π¨ Rate Limiting & DDoS Protection¶
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Gateway-Level Rate Limiting - Configurable request throttling per client/endpoint (#257)
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Tool Execution Limits - Resource controls and execution boundaries (#539) π§
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Circuit Breakers - Automatic failover for unstable backends (#301)
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Smart Retry Mechanisms - Exponential backoff with jitter (#258, β #456)
π Security Testing & Validation¶
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SAST/DAST Integration - Semgrep and OWASP ZAP automated testing (#259)
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Input Validation Test Suite - Comprehensive security validation tests (β #552)
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Fuzz Testing - Hypothesis, atheris, schemathesis, RESTler (β #256)
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Mutation Testing - Test quality validation with mutmut (β #280)
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Security Scanners - Bandit, grype, nodejsscan integration (#279, β #415, β #499)
ποΈ Infrastructure Security¶
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Zero-Trust Architecture - Peer gateway health checks with automatic failover (β #424)
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Configuration Validation - Schema enforcement with startup security checks (#285, #534) π§
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Security Headers & Configurable Admin UI Security - Comprehensive security headers with full configurability (β #344, β #533)
- X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff - Prevents MIME type sniffing attacks (configurable)
- X-Frame-Options: DENY - Prevents clickjacking attacks (configurable: DENY/SAMEORIGIN)
- X-Download-Options: noopen - Prevents IE download execution (configurable)
- Content-Security-Policy - Comprehensive XSS and injection protection (Admin UI compatible)
- Strict-Transport-Security - Forces HTTPS connections (configurable max-age & subdomains)
- Environment-aware CORS - Automatic origin configuration for dev/production
- Secure cookies - HttpOnly, Secure, SameSite attributes for authentication
- Static analysis compatibility - Meta tags complement HTTP headers for nodejsscan
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15 configuration options - Individual control over all security features
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Well-Known URI Handler - security.txt and robots.txt support (β #540)
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Password Policy Engine - Configurable password and secret policies (#426) π§
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Graceful Shutdown - SIGTERM-safe rollouts with connection draining (#217)
π Advanced Security Capabilities (Planned)¶
These advanced security features are under consideration for future releases:
MCP Server Verification & Trust¶
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MCP Server Attestation - Cryptographic verification of MCP server identity and integrity before connection
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Signature Verification - Digital signature validation for MCP server responses and tool executions
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MCP Server Code Scanning - Automated security analysis of MCP server source code using multiple linters and security scanners (Bandit, Semgrep, CodeQL) before deployment (#654) π§
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Binary Analysis - Static and dynamic analysis of compiled MCP server binaries for vulnerabilities
Sandboxed Execution Environments¶
- Container Sandboxing - Run MCP servers in isolated containers with strict security policies:
- Read-only root filesystems - Prevent runtime modifications
- Minimal base images - Using scratch-based or Red Hat UBI9-micro containers
- Capability dropping - Remove unnecessary Linux capabilities
- Seccomp profiles - Restrict system calls
- AppArmor/SELinux policies - Mandatory access controls
- Network isolation - Namespace and network policy restrictions
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Resource limits - CPU, memory, and I/O constraints
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gVisor Integration - User-space kernel for additional isolation layer
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Firecracker MicroVMs - Lightweight virtual machines for strong isolation
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WebAssembly Sandbox - WASM-based secure execution for untrusted code
Advanced Cryptography & Trust¶
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Confidential Computing - Support for encrypted computation in trusted execution environments (TEEs)
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Hardware Security Module (HSM) Integration - Hardware-backed key management and cryptographic operations
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Homomorphic Encryption - Process encrypted data without decryption for sensitive operations
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Zero-Knowledge Proofs - Verify MCP server capabilities without revealing implementation details
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Quantum-Resistant Cryptography - Post-quantum cryptographic algorithms for future-proofing
Distributed Security & Governance¶
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Blockchain-Based Audit Trail - Immutable distributed ledger for critical security events
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Federated Authorization - Cross-domain authorization with SAML, OAuth 2.0, and OpenID Connect
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Secure Multi-Party Computation - Enable multiple parties to compute on shared data without revealing inputs
Runtime Protection & Monitoring¶
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Dynamic Security Posture Assessment - Real-time security scoring and risk evaluation for connected servers
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Behavioral Analytics - ML-based anomaly detection for unusual MCP server patterns
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Container Runtime Security - Runtime protection with Falco, AppArmor, SELinux policies
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Service Mesh Integration - Native support for Istio, Linkerd for advanced network security
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Certificate Pinning - Prevent MITM attacks by validating specific certificates for MCP servers
Multi-Layered Defense Strategy¶
MCP Gateway implements a comprehensive, multi-layered security approach with "defense in depth" and "secure by design" principles:
Security Philosophy¶
- Proactive Security: Security measures are built-in from design phase, not added retroactively
- Human + Automated: Combines 30+ automated security tools with manual code reviews and threat modeling
- Continuous Improvement: Regular updates to security toolchain and practices based on community feedback
- Shared Responsibility: Security across all system components - gateway is one layer in your defense strategy
Comprehensive Security Pipeline¶
Pre-commit Security Gates:
- Bandit, Semgrep, Dodgy for security scanning
- Type checking and code quality enforcement
- Run
make security-all
locally before pushing
Continuous Integration Security:
- 30+ security scans on every PR
- CodeQL semantic analysis
- Gitleaks secret detection
- Dependency vulnerability scanning
- Container security assessment
Runtime Security:
- Monitoring and security policies
- Anomaly detection
- Incident response procedures
Security Compliance & Standards¶
π Currently Implemented (v0.6.0)¶
- Authentication: JWT tokens with configurable secrets, Basic Auth support (β #663, β #705)
- Input Validation: Comprehensive validation across all API endpoints using Pydantic (β #339, β #340)
- XSS Prevention: Character restrictions, URL scheme validation, JSON depth limits (β #409)
- Security Scanning: 30+ security tools integrated, 100% Bandit pass rate (β #421, β #638, β #590)
- Container Hardening:
- Ultra-minimal scratch-based runtime - Final image contains only Python runtime and application
- Red Hat UBI9-based build - Built from latest patched UBI9 (registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi:9.6)
- Fully patched on every build - Automatic security updates via
dnf upgrade -y
- Non-root execution - Runs as UID 1001 with OpenShift compatibility
- Stripped binaries - All unnecessary symbols removed to reduce attack surface
- No package managers in runtime - DNF/YUM/RPM removed from final image
- No setuid/setgid binaries - All privileged binaries removed
- Pre-compiled Python bytecode - Optimized with -OO, stripping docstrings and assertions
- Minimal attack surface - No shell, no development tools, no documentation
- Secure Defaults: Admin UI disabled by default, localhost-only binding
- Secret Detection: Gitleaks, Dodgy integration preventing credential leaks (β #558)
- Security Headers: HTTP header passthrough with authorization support (β #685)
- Authentication Masking: Auth values masked in API responses (β #601, β #471, β #472)
- Plugin Framework: Comprehensive plugin system with pre/post hooks and CLI tools (β #319, β #682, β #720)
- OpenTelemetry Observability: Vendor-agnostic observability with Phoenix integration (β #735, β #727)
- OAuth Integration: OAuth 2.0 authentication support for enhanced access control (β #605)
- Well-Known URI Security: Configurable handlers for security.txt and robots.txt (β #540)
- Enhanced Testing: Mutation testing, fuzz testing, and comprehensive security validation (β #280, β #256)
π Upcoming Security Enhancements¶
Release 0.6.0 - Completed August 2025 - β Plugin framework with security hooks - β OpenTelemetry observability integration - β OAuth 2.0 authentication support - β Well-known URI security handlers - β Enhanced testing (mutation, fuzz testing)
Release 0.7.0 - September 2025 - Full RBAC implementation - Multi-tenancy support - Correlation ID tracking
Release 0.8.0 - September 2025 - Policy-as-Code engine - Advanced guardrails - DDoS protection
Release 0.9.0 - September 2025 - Marketplace security - Protocol negotiation - Advanced connectivity
Release 1.0.0 - October 2025 - Security audit completion - Production hardening - GA security certification
Production Deployment Security¶
β οΈ Critical Production Requirements¶
The Admin UI is development-only and must NEVER be exposed in production:
- Designed for localhost-only access with trusted MCP servers
- Single-user administration without access controls
- Must be disabled in production:
MCPGATEWAY_UI_ENABLED=false
π Production Security Checklist¶
- Disable unused features (
FEATURES_ROOTS_ENABLED=false
,FEATURES_PROMPTS_ENABLED=false
, etc.) - Disable Admin UI and API (
MCPGATEWAY_UI_ENABLED=false
,MCPGATEWAY_ADMIN_API_ENABLED=false
) - Enable authentication with strong passwords/keys and custom usernames
- Configure TLS/HTTPS with valid certificates (never HTTP in production)
- Validate all MCP servers before connecting
- Implement network controls (firewalls, ingress policies)
- Set rate limits per endpoint and client
- Configure monitoring and anomaly detection
- Secure databases (TLS, strong passwords, restricted access)
- Set resource limits (CPU, memory) to prevent DoS
- Implement secrets management (never hardcode credentials)
- Configure CORS policies appropriately
- Disable debug mode in production
- Keep gateway updated to latest version
- Regular security audits of connected servers
Security Best Practices¶
Gateway as One Layer in Defense-in-Depth¶
MCP Gateway should be integrated as one component in a comprehensive security architecture:
- Upstream validation: Validate and trust all MCP servers before connection
- Gateway validation: Input/output validation at gateway level
- Downstream validation: Applications must implement their own security controls
- Network isolation: Use network policies to restrict access
- Comprehensive monitoring: Log and alert on suspicious activities
Integration Requirements¶
MCP Gateway is not a standalone product. Integrate with: - API gateways/reverse proxies (auth, rate-limiting, routing) - Secrets management systems (Vault, SOPS) - Identity and access management (IAM) platforms - Logging, monitoring, and SIEM platforms - Runtime security and anomaly detection - Custom UI/orchestration layers for multi-tenancy
Developer Security Tools¶
Core Security Commands:
make security-all
- Run all security toolsmake security-report
- Generate security reportmake security-fix
- Auto-fix issues where possiblemake pre-commit
- Run pre-commit hooks locallymake lint
- 30+ linting and security tools
Individual Security Scanners:
make bandit
- Python security vulnerabilitiesmake semgrep
- Semantic code analysismake dodgy
- Hardcoded secrets detectionmake gitleaks
- Git history secrets scanmake pip-audit
- Dependency vulnerabilitiesmake trivy
- Container security scanmake grype-scan
- Container vulnerability auditmake osv-scan
- Open source vulnerability scan
Multi-Tenancy Considerations¶
MCP Gateway is not yet multi-tenant ready. For multi-user platforms, implement: - User isolation and data segregation - Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) - Resource cleanup and lifecycle management - Tenant-specific validation and limits - Per-user audit logging - Team/organization management
Deploy as a single-tenant component within your larger multi-tenant architecture.
Security Patching Policy¶
β οΈ Disclaimer: All patching is best-effort with no SLAs or commercial support.
- Critical/High: Best-effort patches within 1 week (minor version bump)
- Medium: Addressed in next release (~2 weeks)
- Low: Regular maintenance updates (~2-4 weeks)
- No backports: Fixes only applied to latest main branch
- No zero-day guarantees: Users must evaluate and mitigate risks
Future Security Roadmap Considerations¶
Beyond the planned features in our roadmap, these additional security capabilities could enhance MCP Gateway:
π‘οΈ Trust & Verification¶
- Distributed Trust Networks - Reputation-based MCP server trust scoring
- Continuous Compliance Monitoring - Real-time compliance validation against security frameworks
- Supply Chain Security - SLSA framework compliance for build provenance
- Code Signing - Verify authenticity of MCP server binaries and updates
π Advanced Threat Detection¶
- Threat Intelligence Integration - Real-time threat feeds from MITRE ATT&CK, STIX/TAXII
- Deception Technology - Honeypots and canary tokens for early breach detection
- User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) - Detect insider threats and compromised accounts
- Network Traffic Analysis - Deep packet inspection for protocol anomalies
ποΈ Governance & Compliance¶
- Privacy-Preserving Analytics - Differential privacy for usage metrics
- Right to be Forgotten - GDPR Article 17 compliance automation
- Data Residency Controls - Geographic restrictions for data processing
- Consent Management - Granular user consent tracking and enforcement
π¬ Emerging Technologies¶
- WebAssembly Sandbox - Secure execution environment for untrusted MCP servers
- Decentralized Identity (DID) - Self-sovereign identity for MCP server authentication
- Secure Enclaves - iOS/Android secure enclave support for mobile deployments
- API Security Posture Management (ASPM) - Continuous API security assessment
Security Contact¶
For security vulnerabilities, report privately via GitHub's security reporting:
- Navigate to Security tab
- Click "Report a vulnerability"
- Fill out the vulnerability details
For more information, see our Security Policy.